Wrench



v B. H. PARKER.

WRENCH.

APPLl'cATlN mep APM. 1920.

INVEN'TOR @ur/7 wpa/"fg," BY A ATTORNEYS UNITED STAT BURTON H.. PARKER,OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

WRENCH.

Application led April 2,

' 10 all whom t may con-061% 4 Be it known that I, BURTON H. PARKER, acitizen of the United States of America, residing at Detroit, in thecounty of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in IVrenches, of which the following is a speciication, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. j

This invention relates to improvements in wrenches.

The present invention is designed more particularly for use underconditions where the work engaging faces of the jaws are approximatelyparallel dto each other under service conditions the construction beingsuch that these opposing faces are out of such approximate parallelismwhen the wrench is inactive, the movement of the handle in setting' thejaws to the work bringing the jaws to this approximate parallelrelation; as a result, the outer ends of the jaws are normallyspacedjapart a greater distance than the inner ends, this being variedby the movement of the handle memberrin applying the jaws to the work. j

Another feature of the present invention is the fact that both of thejaw members are movable in applying the jaws to the work, the movementbeing preferably such as to cause the opposing faces to approach eachother. In the particular embodiment shown this resultl is obtained bymounting one of the jaw members pivotally so as to provide a rockingaction, the other jaw member being fulcrumed in such manner that the jawmember will` swing on the arc of the circle bodily, the two jaw membersbeing preferably operatively connected in such manner that movements oftheV jaw members are concurrent, one member moving pivotally and theother swinging in its are. In addition, the arrangement is such that theswinging member is adjustable to and from the pivoted jaw, theadjustment being provided without affecting this operative connectionbetween the jaws.

Further objects of the invention are to provide a construction which issimple,1 and efficient in operation, durable in construction and which.can be manufactured ata rela`- tively low cost.

An additional object is the, provision of a wrench of this type whichoperates with equal elficie'ncy whether employed as a wrench, or ask a.pair' of; Filieral the, construe Specification of Letters Patent.V

Patented N ov. 9,1920.Y 1920. serial No. 370,673.

tionbeing such that by the simple adjustment of the swinging jaw, thetwo jaws can be brought into position to act as pliers.

To these and other ends, the nature of which will be readily understood,as the invention is hereinafter disclosed, said invention consists inthe improved construction and combination of parts, hereinafter kfullydescribed and illustrated in the accompany ing drawings, and more`particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, inl which similar reference charactersindicate similar partsin each of the views,

Figure l is a side, elevation ofa wrench structure embodying features ofthe present invention;

F 2 is a top plan viewof the same;

41g. partly in elevation, one of the side plates of the wrench omitted.

In the drawings, l0, l0, indicate a pair of side plates spaced apart bya handle member l1 mounted between the plates and which" is secured inposition by the use of suitable securing means, such as bolts or screwsl2 which extend from lone plate to the otherand through the forwardportion of the handle member ll. Each plate, adjacent its forward end,is provided with a slot or cut away portion 10a. The handle member llVhas a portion projectingrearwardly from the end between the plate andthis projecting portion provides the gripping portion of the handle,this handle member l1 being practically a fixed handle in that it has nomovement relative to the side plates 10.

The forward portion of handle member 1l is located substantially at thebottom'of the side plates, and the space between the plates above thisportion of the handle. member 11 receives the major portion of theremainder ofthe mechanism. For instance, at the top of this spaceV ispivotally'secured thel pivoted jaw. member 13, the pivot 14 of whichextends through the side plates 10 and the jaw member 13. The forwardportion 'of member 13 is provided with a gripping face 13a, while therear portion is providedjwith a face 13b which is adaptedto coact with acam face 1 5a carriedby the pivoted or mov'- ablfe handle member l5, thepivot of which alsov extends. between the side plates.. This cam facelji, which is carriedby what may betermed the toe of the handle,islocated 3 1s a view, partly in section and' withintheracsbetweenthetvelsdepltes .tain it in. 4contact.with'face 15?, while Vpivotccuntercloclrwise in Fig. 3.

-sition, thus tending to .to `hold the wrench `being substantially sideplates'v 10, the two studs 11 10. Faces 13b and 15 are normally held incontact by a springf'16 mounted on a stud 17 which extends between theplates` 10, said spring having one end engaging a toe 13G of member 1S,and spring engaging the toe 15" ot handle member 15, the springser/vingto tend to rocl: member 13 on the pivot in a directi to re!opposite endet the spring tends to retain the handlemember 15` in itsopen or inactive "position,

As will be understood, movement, of lianlemember 15 toward member 11,will cause face 1 a to ride against i'acel?)b with the result thatYmember 13 will be roclred Von its lt is pre erred thatftaceplarbe soarranged es to provide for a gradual decrease in litt as handle member15 approaches itsclosed podecrease' the eiiect of pressure at the worlrfaces. ot the' jaws on the handle in such manner aswould tend to openthe latter while the worlr is being` engaged; the slow rise provided asthe'handle approaches the closed positienpermits or maximum power beingexerted on the gripping faces with a comparatively amount ot pressure onthe handle, thus enabling therwrench to be operated without tiringthehands of the` operator attempting `T he complemental j awmember,'indicated at 18is mounted on'a support 19 which is inthe `formcfa threaded element which lies in that portion oiE the wrenchcorresponding to the open spaces 10' of the side plates. The lower endoi member 19 is' provider with an enlarged head 19", preferably milledon its periphery, this head projecting outwardly of the side plates,so'as .to provide for an exposed portion by meansot` which n the membermay be readily rotated by the operator. Y Y.

The lower end oit-member 19 is provided with avrecess 19b extendingaxially inward from the lower 'r'ace of the member, the recess 19.bbeing adapted to receive a stud 11ay carried by thefhandle member 11,Ysaid stud projectingupwardly and Vbeing preferably formedsemi-spherical,

have other configurations suitable :tor he purpose presently described.The opposite end of member 1,9 is also'provided with an axiallyextendingrecess 19C, this recess being adapted to receive a stud 13dcarried by member 13, stud 13d also being morevor less rounded as isstud 11a. Therecess 19, is. o' greater Vdepth than thelength or stud13d, a spring 2O being mounted within the recess 19, and `adapted toabut the end or studv 13d, this spring serving to retain member 19practically seated on stud 11?, member 19 free from support by the and13",

rlarged intermediate portion, Vis'provided with a threaded openingadaptan opposite end oi' the ed to thread upon the threaded member 19,

l a similar direction; and since in its gripping position.

although it may fis in-'the direction of stud 11a.

serving to position the member and provide vfor the movements to bepresently described. The jaw member 18 is provided with an enwhichportion theenlargedportions of member 1S projecting into the openspaces'lCfL of the side plates, the rear of the member 18 projectingrearwardly between the side plates, so .that ,member 18 will travellengthwise oit member 19 without deviating from the general plane oftravel, this movement of meinber 18 being provided by rotating member19. l

As heretofore pointed out, the two jaw members are, 4in the presentinstance, designed to be both movable in setting the gripping faces onthe work. ylhis result is obtained through theuse or recess 19 and stud13a,it being readily understood that it member 13 is movedcountercloclrwise in Fig. 3 in setting its. gripping rpace to `the work,stud 13d will be moved rearwardly in the. stud contacts the walls ofrecess 19, the member 19 will be swung rearwardly with studlla as mentoccurs. As a result member 18 is swung lbodily on this ulcrum, itsgripping tace thus being Y 18 to moverma direction `to open when appliedto the worlr tends toswing member 19 to a positiony having its axiscorresponding to. such line, in which positiomthe member 18 extends atsubstantially a right angle to such line. Y i y Owingto t -e presenceotspring 20, the member 19 isvprevented from any binding action, and `atthe same time provides :tor a maximum strength condition of servicev inthat the pressure application on member 19 which contacts with thebottom of recess 19a. f

Another advantage'lies in the tact that since both or" the jaw membersare movable vtoward each other, a materially less length ojl movement ofhandle 15 is required in setting or releasingjthe jaws.

As vwill be understood, the Y, arrangement is exceedingly simple, beingoriew parts,

which this swinging movesembled, no weakening structures being"necessaryin order to produce theresult.

Member 18, in Fig. '1, as shown in dotted lines, is in a position 'whichit occupies when used as a wrench. In thisfigure the full line positionillustrates the `closed position of the jaws when member 18 isinoved tothe upper end of member 19, it being seen that inthis position there isprovided a plier formation really superior to that ofordinary pliers inwhich the two members `are mountedon a common pivot. Fig. 3 illustratesthe same position with the jaws open, the pivotal movement of jaw 13 andswinging movement of jaw 18 shownin Fig. l providing a resultantmovement of the two gripping faces such as to provide for parallelism asin F ig. l. It has been found in service, that in the position shown inFig. 1, an absolutegrip can be placed upon thin materials such as asheet of paper.

While I have herein shown and described a preferred embodiment of theinvention, it will be readily understood that variations and changestherein may be found desirable or essential in meeting the necessitiesof use, and I desire to be understood as reserving the right to maireany and all such changes and modifications as may be found desirable ornecessary in so far as the same may fall within the spiritand scope ofthe invention as expressed in the accompanying claims when broadlyconstrued.

YW hat I claim is y l. In a tool having `opposing jaw members forengaging the work, a jaw pivoted on a fixed axis, a complemental jawsupported to swing relative to an axis extending parallel to the pivotofthe other jaw, and means whereby said aws will be moved on their pivotsin applying the jaws to the worl.

2. In a tool having opposing jaw members for eilig-aging the work, a jawpivoted on a fixed axis, a complemental jaw supported to swing relativeto an axis extending parallel to the pivot of the other jaw,

and means whereby said jaws will be moved i on their pivots in applyingthe jaws to the work, said jaws being operatively connected to causepivotal movement of one jaw by the similar movement of the other jaw.

3. In a tool. having opposing jaw meinbers for engaging the work, a jawpivoted on a fixed axis, a complemental jaw supported to swine` relativeto an anis extending parallel to the pivot of the other jaw, and meanswhereby said jaws will be moved on their pivots in applying the jaws tothe work, said jaws being operatively connected to cause pivotalmovement of one jaw by the similar movement of the other jaw, said meansincluding a handle member operative to provide the pivotal movement ofthe latter jaw.

In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pivotedjaw member, a pivoted handle having a face second jaw into and outoperative to produce pivotal movement of such member` by handlemovement, a second jaw, and a support forthe latter jaw, said supportbeing fulcrumed to cause the sup,- port axis to extend inthe directionof the pivot of the jaw member, said fulcruming of the supportlpermitting swinging of the of work-engaging position.

5. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, apivoted jaw member, a pivoted handle having a face operative to producepiv `tal movement of such member by handle movement, a second jaw, and asupport for the latter jaw, said support being fulcrumed to cause thesupport axis to extend in the direction of the pivot of the jaw member,said fulcruming of the support permitting swinging of the second jawinto and out of work-engaging position, the length of swinging movementbeing controlled by the movement of the pivoted jaw member.

6. In a tool having opposing jaw members engaging the work, a pivoted awmember, a pivoted handle having a face operative to producel pivotalmovement of such member by handle movement, a and a support for thelatter jaw, said supportr being fulcrumed to cause the support axis toextend in the direction of the pivot of the jaw member, said fulcrumingof the support permitting swinging of the second jaw into and out ofwork-engaging,position, the pivoted jaw member and said support beingoperatively connected to provide concurrent movement thereof to and fromsuch work-engaging position.

T, In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pairof jaws having worloengaging faces, one of said jaws being mounted forpivotal movement on an axis located at an intermediate point in itsdirection of length, the other jaw member being mounted to swing bodilyrelative to the pivot of the first jaw, said jaws being operativelyconnected to produce the respective pivotal and swinging movementsconcurrently.

8. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pairof jaws having work-engaging faces, one of said jaws being mounted forpivotal movement on an aXis located at an intermediate. point in itsdirection of length, the other jaw member being mounted to swing bodilyrelative to the pivot of the first jaw, said jaws being operativelyconnected to produce the respective pivotal and swinging movementsconcurrently, and a plvoted handle for moving the pivoted 9. In a toolhaving opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pair of jaws havingwork-en aging faces, one of said jaws being mounts for pivotal movementon an axis second j aw, Y

tion ot length, the other jaw member located at an intermediate point inits direcbeing mounted to swing bodily relative to the pivot of the rstjaw', said jaws connected to produce the respective pivotal and swingingmovements concurrently, and a pivoted handle having a cam face adaptedto coperate with the pivoted in applying the jaws to the worlr. l Y

10. v for engaging the work, a paii oi jaws having work-engaging faces,one of said jaws being mounted 'for pivotal movement on an axis locatedat an intermediate point in its directionoi lengtli,the et ier jawmemberbeing mounted to swing bodily relative to the pivot of the firstjaw, said jaws being operatively connected to produce the pivotal andswinging movements 'concurrently, a pivoted handle having a cam faceadapted to coperate with the pivoted jaw in applying the jaws to thework, and ,a spring for maintaining an and cam-tace contact. Y

11. ln a tool havin Y opposing jaw members for engaging the worlr, apivoted jaw, a ulcrumed rotatable threaded member having its axisextending in a direction 'toward saidj aw pivot, said jaw and memberhaving cooperative means whereby movements oi the jaw will'provideswinging movement ofi the member, anda jaw memberthreaded on to saidthreaded member, and shiitable toward and from the pivoted jaw by therotatable movement of the threaded member'.

12. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, apivoted jaw, Y

a rotatable threaded member having its ams extending in a directiontoward said jaw adapted to y work being operatively v in a tool havingopposite jaw members Y respective l pivot, said threaded member havingan axial recessv and said pivoted jaw having a stud in said recess tocause jaw movements to swing the threaded member on a iulcrum, saidulcrum. and a jawmember threaded on to the threaded member andadjustable toward and rom the pivotedjaw by the rotatable movements ofthe threaded member. v Y

13. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engagingthe work, a pairof side plates having alined openings, a jaw pivotally mounted betweensaid plates, means tor providing such pivotal movements, a stud iixedlypositioned between said plates, a rotatable threaded element fulcrumedon said stud and extending toward the pivoted jaw, said member having anaxial recess, a stud carried by the pivoted jaw and extending into saidrecess, whereby jaw movements will swing said member on its iulcrum, anda jaw member threaded on to the threaded member and mounted between saidplates,l said jaw member being adjustable toward the pivoted jaw byrotation of" the threaded member.

lll.. A tool as in claim 13, characterized in thatV the adjustable jaw:extends into the openings of the side plates.

15. A tool as in claim 1S, characterized by a spring between the pivotedjaw stud and the threaded member operative to retain the threaded memberin position relative to its fulcrum stud. f

ln testimony whereof I 'ax my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

BURTON H.' PARKER.

"Witnesses:

Alviva M'. Donn, Holman Gr. Snrrz.

